澳大利亚有几种不同地产的地契种类,最常见的是独立地契(Green Title)及共管产业 (Strata Title)。
独立地契(Green Title)
这是独立房屋 house 的地契,有自己独立的水电表、下水道等设施,没有共同产业 (common property)。
Green title 的好处显而易见。一般地比较大,符合一定州政府和地方政府 (council) 的规划条件。由于没有共有区域所以不需要缴付共管费用(Strata Fee),但房屋的一切开支都由屋主负责,如保险、council rate,水电局费用,日常维护等等。
共管产业 (Strata Title)
共管产业指的是在一片土地上有几间套房所组成的共管产业。在珀斯许多公寓房或单元房(Unit)在地契这方面都是共管的,买家或投资者必须先查明共管产业方面的讯息。共管产业一般分为 Built Strata 和 Survey-Strata。
Survey Strata 顾名思义必须先审查(survey),再通过土地分割企划案。Survey Strata 在房子建造前就可以拿到共管地契,因为西澳计划审查厅(WAPC) 必须要在共管产业建造前就必须实地审查所有的计划。Built -Strata 可以先建造房屋再申请共管地契。Survey Strata 更加适用于保留原有房子之后土地分割的计划。
很多新式一层楼共享墙独立住宅群 (villa) 都是Survey-Strata
两者主要的区别是 built strata 买的是建筑,而共有土地和服务设施如车道、游泳池等为全体业主共有;而 survey-strata 则包括土地和建筑,各户土地的界限分得很清楚。公寓单元房 (apartment) 都是 built strata,有很多新式一层楼共享墙独立住宅群 (villa) 和联排别墅 (town house) 也是 built strata。另外,两者之间另一个简单的区分方法就是共同产业 (common property)。Built strata 中凡是标有 lot 或 PT(part lot)的建筑物之外的都属于common property,而 survey-strata 中 common property 被视为单独的 lot,有自己的 lot 编号,以 CP 开头。打个比方说,一个可建 8 个独立住宅群 (villa) 的 survey-strata plan,8 块地分别是 lot 1 – 8, 而common property 就是 CP9。
公寓单元都为 Built-Strata
对于开发商来说,除了在买地成本低的偏远郊区,开发商一般不选择开发 green title 房产。原因在于拥有独立设施的 green title 成本最高,而 built strata 和 survey-strata 各有利弊。一般来说,built strata 成本更低、审批更快,但是由于必须在建筑完成后才能交割,因此对资金的占用较大。而 survey-strata 有明确的土地,可以在土地分割好后就以 house & land package 的形式卖出去,由买方(通常是通过贷款)全额支付土地价格和建房开支,因此对于开发商的资金占用极小。
Green Title 的优势
- 完全独立 – 没有共同所有权 ;
- 有独立的下水道、电力和水等设备;
- 没有共有财产 – 共享设备仅通过对等权利地役权,以及;
- 需要西澳大利亚州规划委员会(西澳大利亚州规划委员会)的规划批准
Survey-Strata 的优势
- 可共享下水道、电力和水等设备;
- 不需要昂贵的下水道主扩建工程 – 由持牌水管工安装的内部下水道就足够了;
- 车道可建于共同产业 (Common property) 上;
- 现有的房屋的屋檐可侵占共同产业 – 用地役权保护资产;
- 需要西澳大利亚州规划委员会(西澳大利亚州规划委员会)的规划批准
Tuscom 邀请你与我们联系,我们一位友好且经验丰富的持牌测量师可以快速并准确的帮你找到分割的最佳策略 – Green Title 或者 Survey-Strata。我们将分析并明确的讲解分步过程,包括所有的时间框架和项目成本。
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